Hayes, Shannon

Page history last edited by Shannon Hayes 9 years, 5 months ago

Roster

Final Paper

Hayes, Final Paper

Final Presentation

Hayes, Presentation

Close Reading Paper

Hayes, Close Reading Paper

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Sample

Scott, Daniel M. “Harlem Shadows: Re-Evaluating Wallace Thurman's ‘The Blacker the Berry.’” MELUS, vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2004, pp. 323–339.

Scott’s article critiques the different views that are place upon the book “The Blacker the Berry.” It looks at the views held by modern critics as well as critics at the time the work was published. He then compares them to other works by Thurman, including Thurman’s autobiography “Notes to a Stepchild”, in which he addresses his actual reasoning behind and meaning he was trying to imply in that particular work. Scott argues that Thurman was trying to convey more than just interracial segregation in his first novel.

This article is well written and uses several sources accurately and precisely. The author demonstrates his great knowledge on the subject and uses many sources to back his beliefs and words. He makes a compelling argument, with plenty of evidence to support it, that Thurman’s work was meant as more than just an example of interracial segregation in Harlem, New York as well as in other African American communities.

I will most likely use this article as its topic is closely related to what my paper will be on. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. The author brings an interesting perspective to the work, “The Blacker the Berry” which I do believe I will find helpful in my research and paper on the same work.

Sources

King, Shannon. “The Making of the Negro Mecca: Harlem and the Struggle for Community Rights.” Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?: Community Politics and Grassroots Activism during the New Negro Era, NYU Press, 2015, pp. 13–52, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15r3zjd.5.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/j.ctt15r3zjd.5.pdf

Bremer, Sidney H. “Home in Harlem, New York: Lessons from the Harlem Renaissance Writers.” PMLA, vol. 105, no. 1, 1990, pp. 47–56. www.jstor.org/stable/462342.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/462342.pdf

Taylor, Monique M. “Class Conflict and Harlem’s Black Gentry.” Harlem between Heaven and Hell, NED - New edition, University of Minnesota Press, 2002, pp. 85–127, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttttwx5.7.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/10.5749/j.cttttwx5.7.pdf

King, Shannon. “‘Maintaining ‘a High Class of Respectability’ in Negro Neighborhoods’: Contestation and Congregation in Harlem’s Geography of Vice and Leisure during the Prohibition Era.” Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?: Community Politics and Grassroots Activism during the New Negro Era, NYU Press, 2015, pp. 121–152,

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/10.5749/j.cttttwx5.7.pdf

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/j.ctt15r3zjd.8.pdf

COOKS, BRIDGET R. “BLACK ARTISTS AND ACTIVISM: Harlem on My Mind, 1969.” Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum, University of Massachusetts Press, 2011, pp. 53–85, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vk9ts.7.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/j.ctt5vk9ts.7.pdf

Wilson, James F. “‘Harlem on My Mind’: New York’s Black Belt on the Great White Way.” Bulldaggers, Pansies, and Chocolate Babies: Performance, Race, and Sexuality in the Harlem Renaissance, University of Michigan Press, ANN ARBOR, 2010, pp. 43–78, www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.1175684.5.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/10.3998/mpub.1175684.5.pdf

Schaffer, Richard, and Neil Smith. “The Gentrification of Harlem?” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 76, no. 3, 1986, pp. 347–365. www.jstor.org/stable/2562585.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/2562585.pdf

WHITMIRE, ETHELENE. “Harlem Renaissance Women and 580 St. Nicholas Avenue.” Regina Anderson Andrews, Harlem Renaissance Librarian, University of Illinois Press, 2014, pp. 32–47, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt7zw61w.7.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/10.5406/j.ctt7zw61w.7.pdf

Wilks, Jennifer M. “New Women and New Negroes: Archetypal Womanhood in ‘The Living Is Easy.’” African American Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2005, pp. 569–579. www.jstor.org/stable/40033694.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/40033694.pdf

BERNARD, EMILY. “A NICHE SOMEWHERE.” Carl Van Vechten and the Harlem Renaissance: A Portrait in Black and White, Yale University Press, 2012, pp. 11–106, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npsjs.6.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/j.ctt1npsjs.6.pdf

Smith, Gary. “Gwendolyn Brooks's A Street in Bronzeville, the Harlem Renaissance and the Mythologies of Black Women.” MELUS, vol. 10, no. 3, 1983, pp. 33–46. www.jstor.org/stable/467440.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/467440.pdf

Wilson, James F. “Conclusion: ‘You’Ve Seen Harlem at Its Best.’” Bulldaggers, Pansies, and Chocolate Babies: Performance, Race, and Sexuality in the Harlem Renaissance, University of Michigan Press, ANN ARBOR, 2010, pp. 192–196, www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.1175684.9.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/10.3998/mpub.1175684.9.pdf

HARDISON, AYESHA K. “Gender Conscriptions, Class Conciliations, and the Bourgeois Blues Aesthetic.” Writing through Jane Crow: Race and Gender Politics in African American Literature, University of Virginia Press, 2014, pp. 54–84, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wrn9t.6.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/j.ctt6wrn9t.6.pdf

Scott, Daniel M. “Harlem Shadows: Re-Evaluating Wallace Thurman's ‘The Blacker the Berry.’” MELUS, vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2004, pp. 323–339. www.jstor.org/stable/4141858.

http://www.jstor.org.sherlock.bluefield.edu/stable/pdf/4141858.pdf

Final Draft

Annotated Bibliography

Smith, Gary. “Gwendolyn Brooks's A Street in Bronzeville, the Harlem Renaissance and the Mythologies of Black Women.” MELUS, vol. 10, no. 3, 1983, pp. 33–46.

Smith looks at interracial problems depicted in works written by Harlem Renaissance poets. The work that is article mainly focuses on is A Street in Bronzeville written by Gwendolyn Brooks. He compares this work to others written by Brooks’ contemporaries as well as other works that she herself wrote. Smith argues in this article that this work gives an honest depiction of what life was like for African Americans during this time period. He also argues that this depiction is dissimilar to those given in other works during this time including other works written by Brooks later.

This article is well written and uses several sources accurately and precisely. The author demonstrates that he has done much research on the subject and uses many sources to back his argument. He makes a compelling argument, with plenty of evidence to support it, that while there were interracial problems that did occur at this time Harlem poets romanticized what life was really like rather than giving an accurate depiction.

I will most likely use this article as its topic is closely related to what my paper will be on. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. I believe that the author’s research will add to my argument in my research paper.

Schaffer, Richard, and Neil Smith. “The Gentrification of Harlem?” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 76, no. 3, 1986, pp. 347–365.

This article looks at the socioeconomics of Harlem New York during the nineteen eighties, in regards to gentrification. Schaffer, Richard, and Neil Smith research the number of wealthy African American families in Harlem at that time to determine whether or not there is a possibility of second class white families moving in and driving out the poor African Americans.

The authors thoroughly researched their subject and used many sources that were current and scholarly. They made a reasonable argument and backed their study up with research and outside sources.

This is an excellent article that I found useful for a discussion of racial differences. I will perhaps use this article to help further my research.

Bremer, Sidney H. “Home in Harlem, New York: Lessons from the Harlem Renaissance Writers.” PMLA, vol. 105, no. 1, 1990, pp. 47–56.

In this article the author argues that Harlem Renaissance writing was influenced, whether consciously or subconsciously, by living in Harlem itself. Bremer argues that Harlem Renaissance writers wrote in an attempt to commemorate or better their home, which was Harlem, New York.

This article is well written and uses several sources accurately and precisely. The author uses sources ranging from the many different works written by Harlem writers at that time as well as scientific research. This article give an in depth look at the influence that your home town or community has on your life including how you express yourself.

I will most likely use this article as its topic is closely related to what my paper will be on. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. The author brings an interesting perspective to life in Harlem, which I do believe I will find helpful in my research and paper.

Taylor, Monique M. “Class Conflict and Harlem’s Black Gentry.” Harlem between Heaven and Hell, NED - New edition, University of Minnesota Press, 2002, pp. 85–127,

This chapter of the book Harlem between Heaven and Hell depicts the differences in neighborhoods in modern Harlem, New York. It is told from the perspective an African American woman.

There is no evidence of scholarly research to enable the reader to determine whether or not the depictions giving in the chapter are authentic for entirely fiction. The author gives not sources to verify if the diversity that is spoken of in the chapter is accurate.

I will not be using this source as it has no evidence to verify its claims. Therefore I will not be able to confidently use it as evidence of life in Harlem.

Scott, Daniel M. “Harlem Shadows: Re-Evaluating Wallace Thurman's ‘The Blacker the Berry.’” MELUS, vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2004, pp. 323–339.

Scott’s article critiques the different views that are place upon the book The Blacker the Berry. It looks at the views held by modern critics as well as critics at the time the work was published. He then compares them to other works by Thurman, including Thurman’s autobiography Notes to a Stepchild, in which he addresses his actual reasoning behind and meaning he was trying to imply in that particular work. Scott argues that Thurman was trying to convey more than just interracial segregation in his first novel.

I will most likely use this article as its topic is closely related to what my paper will be on. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. The author brings an interesting perspective to the work, The Blacker the Berry which I do believe I will find helpful in my research and paper.

Wilks, Jennifer M. “New Women and New Negroes: Archetypal Womanhood in ‘The Living Is Easy.’” African American Review, vol. 39, no. 4, 2005, pp. 569–579

This article looks at “gender politics of African American modernism,” during the early twentieth century. The vehicle that Wilks uses is the novel The Living is Easy which was written by Dorothy West. Wilks makes the argument that African American citizenship was constructed around conformity rather than individuality during that time period.

This is a well thought out and well written article. The author makes a compelling argument then reinforces it with multiple scholarly resources. Wilks uses the main text as evidence of her belief that conformity was the stressed norm for African American women. She then uses her many secondary sources as further evidence.

I found this article very useful as it looks at a topic similar to what I am looking at. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. I will most likely use this article in my research paper because it not only has a topic similar but it is looking at the same time period as I am.

Wilson, James F. “Conclusion: ‘You’Ve Seen Harlem at Its Best.’” Bulldaggers, Pansies, and Chocolate Babies: Performance, Race, and Sexuality in the Harlem Renaissance, University of Michigan Press, ANN ARBOR, 2010, pp. 192–196,

The article’s main focus is on a man by the name of Walter Winston, an actor who lived his life impersonating the film star Gloria Swanson during the nineteen thirties. It followed the life of the man and his performances in Harlem. Wilson argues that in a pre-civil rights era

This article was not very well written. The author appears to base his argument upon his opinion rather than on scholarly sources. There was little to no scholarship used to back up the author’s argument.

This article was not useful to me, I will not use this article because it does not relate to the topic on which I intend to write my paper.

Hardison’s article talks about the expectations and regulations placed upon African American woman during the nineteen forties. The main focus of the article is the book The Correct Things to Do – To Say – To Wear, by Charlotte Hawkins Brown. The article uses many sources from the time period in which this book was written as evidence of these expectations and regulations. Hardison argues that African American women had to follow the rules laid out in this book in order to be socially accepted by high class people of either white or black race.

This article is well written and uses several sources accurately and precisely. The author demonstrates her thorough knowledge on the subject and uses many sources to back her beliefs and words. She makes a compelling argument, with plenty of evidence to support it, that there was interracial segregation during the nineteen forties and this segregation was due to social propriety rather than skin color.

I will most likely use this article as its topic is closely related to what my paper will be on. I found this to be an excellent article with a clear argument and evidence to support it. The author sheds light upon racial and interracial segregation in Harlem during the nineteen forties, which I do believe I will find helpful in my research and paper on as similar topic.

WHITMIRE, ETHELENE. “Harlem Renaissance Women and 580 St. Nicholas Avenue.” Regina Anderson Andrews, Harlem Renaissance Librarian, University of Illinois Press, 2014, pp. 32–47,

This book is about a librarian named Regina who worked in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance. This book depicts what life was like living as an African American woman in Harlem New York during the early twentieth century. It is written from the perspective of an African American woman.

This book allows the reader a look at the society and culture of Harlem during the renaissance. It makes use of many different scholarly sources to defend the claims and references made in the book. It is very informative about what life was like for African American women during this time in American history.

I found this chapter to be very useful as well as interesting. I will most likely use it in my research paper to help reinforce my argument.

King, Shannon. “‘Maintaining ‘a High Class of Respectability’ in Negro Neighborhoods’: Contestation and Congregation in Harlem’s Geography of Vice and Leisure during the Prohibition Era.” Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?: Community Politics and Grassroots Activism during the New Negro Era, NYU Press, 2015, pp. 121–152,

This chapter of the book, Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway? depicts the society, culture, and community identity of Harlem during the Prohibition era. This chapter examines different aspects of African American life in Harlem. The author argues the autonomy of that African American community at that time.

The author demonstrates that they have done their research well as their back their argument with plenty of scholarship. The author references many different sources on the subject of African American life during the Harlem Renaissance.

I will most likely use this source as is gives an in depth look at life during this time in Harlem.

Historical Overview

This annotated bibliography and historical overview explores the evolution in scholarship on the social, cultural, and economic expectation of African American women living in Harlem, New York. In the 1980s, scholars were not even discussing women during this period in history; it was not until 2004, scholars were interested in fictional African American females written about by authors of the Renaissance. Scholarship on the Harlem Renaissance woman since 2004 has only just begun to explore what women of this culture and society experienced. There is hope that further research will be done on this subject, allowing us to understand that part of history through a woman’s eyes not just a man’s.

In the early to mid-1980s, scholars were looking at what life was really like during the Harlem Renaissance as well as the possible move away from Harlem being a community of lower class African Americans middle class whites. Scholars were looking at poetry written by Harlem Renaissance poets and determining whether their depictions of life in Harlem were accurate or a romanticized interpretation (Smith, 1983). Geographers were concerned that the present day Harlem, at that time, was headed for gentrification. They believed based upon the 1980 census that poor African American families would be dislocated from Harlem by middle class white Americans (Shaffer, 1986). While both past and present Harlem was certainly a hot topic subject in the 1980s, at this time women in Harlem society were not a large part of that discussion.

At the start of the 1990s, scholars were concerned with the literature written by male Harlem Renaissance writers. They were mainly interested in the motivations behind the content of the literature written about or in Harlem (Bremer, 1990). Female writers of this time period were not discussed and would not be for another decade.

During the early 2000s, researcher were looking at written about the Harlem Renaissance as well as the life and role of women during that time period. Scholars were discussing what authors had to say through their heroines about life as an African American woman living during that time. Some were trying to determine if the author was attempting to demonstrate the prevalence of interracial segregation, the abundance of sexual expression, or societal regulations (Scott, 2004). While others were using these works to demonstrate the tight rope that African American women had to walk to be considered acceptable. As well as all the rules and regulations to force conformity to societal norms (Wilks, 2005). It is during this decade that the actual subject of what life might have been like for African American women without the romanticism.

From 2010 to present day, the subject of Harlem Renaissance women has been further explored. Scholars have looked at actual rules and regulations that African American women had to follow to be considered acceptable in both black and white societies. Looking at how these women used propriety to counteract the carry-over from slavery that African American women were chattel to be used then thrown away (Hardison, 2014). They were also looking at how African American who lived in Harlem women were treated by others in who were not from their as well as the autonomy of the Harlem community (King, 2015). Though there has been some research done about African American women in Harlem since the turn of the century, there is still so much that we do not know about the culture and society that these women lived in.